Black Horses For The King Reading Level' title='Black Horses For The King Reading Level' />Black History. Facts, Information And Articles About Black History In The United States. Black History Summary Black history is the study of African American history, culture, and accomplishments primarily in the United States. Enslaved, oppressed, and dehumanized for much of American history, members of the black community, such as Carter G. Woodson, who founded Black History Month, studied and promoted black history as a way to overcome the discrimination and to promote the accomplishments of blacks to inspire them to make even greater contributions to the black community and larger society. The black press was instrumental in documenting black history and giving voice to blacks, who were, at best, ignored in the larger press. How To Edit Active Directory Enrollment Policy In Schools. The first black owned and operated newspaper was Freedoms Journal. Established in 1. New York, Presbyterian minister Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurmthe first black man to graduate from collegethe paper reported on current events and contained editorials against slavery, lynchings, and other injustices. PreK8 elementary educational resources for teachers, students, and parents. Other newspapers, periodicals, and scholarly journals followed, including Frederick Douglass North Star 1. The Chicago Defender 1. If you are looking for any books at your childs level go to http Go to Level Choose Guided Reading Level, then choose Genre. NAACPs The Crisis 1. The Journal of Negro History 1. Ebony 1. 94. 5, all providing a forum for black news, culture, society, and scholarly pursuits that were ignored or denigrated by the larger society. Colonial Times. African slaves and indentured servants were brought to the U. S. colonies to provide a cheap labor force alongside European indentured servants. By the turn of the 1. African Americans made up about 1. Black Horses For The King Reading Level' title='Black Horses For The King Reading Level' />Africa, many came from the West Indies, were brought to the colonies as slaves from plantations in the Caribbean, orincreasinglywere born in the colonies. It also became increasingly rare for African Americans to be treated as indentured servants and freed instead, they were treated as slaves for life, their children born into slavery with no hope of escaping the condition. Most masters treated their slaves as they would their livestock, interested only in the work they could do. Black Horses For The King Reading Level' title='Black Horses For The King Reading Level' />Separated from their families and their culture, blacks were forced to adapt to extremely difficult working and living conditions. In response, they formed their own society, culture, and religious practices as best they could. Some slaves ran away or organized rebellions, most of which were brutally put down. African Americans in the Revolutionary War. By the time of the American Revolution, about 2 of people in the North were slaves, mainly used as personal servants, while in the South about 2. Some American colonists recognized that slaves struggle to be free of their masters was similar to their own struggle for freedom from British rule slavery began to be seen as a social evil that reflected poorly on whites and on the country as a whole. Crispus Attucks, a tradesman of African and Wapanoag descent, was among the first casualties of the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1. Revolutionary War. Attucks and four others killed during the Massacre were all hailed as heroes and buried in Bostons Granary Burying Ground, which contains the graves of other notables, including John Hancock, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1. 85. 8, the budding Abolitionist movement and the African American community in Boston began celebrating Crispus Attucks day on March 5 to remind Americans of Attucks sacrifice for his countrys independence even though he had been born into slavery. Thomas Jeffersons Declaration of Independence became a manifesto for human rights and personal freedom, although ironically Jefferson was the owner of about 2. The Declaration initially contained language that included the promotion of slavery as one of King George IIIs offenses, but that passage was removed by the Second Continental Congress. Petitions from freed blacks, including Prince Hall, the founder of African American freemasonry, to end slavery were ignored by the Second Continental Congress. Blacks Patriots fought in the Revolutionary War alongside their white neighbors, about 5,0. Prince Hall, who hoped to improve their whites perception of their capabilities. When George Washington took command of the Continental Army in 1. Continental Congress, which agreed, that freed African Americans should no longer be recruited into the army. Many states already barred blacks, Native Americans, and other groups from joining their militias since it implied their inclusion as citizens in the young nation a militia represented the people in arms and conferred the right to bear arms and receive military training. Freed blacks who were already in the army were allowed to continue fighting some African Americans, like Agrippa Hull, fought in the war for over six years. By November 1. 77. Congress authorized the enlistment of any Negro, the term used at the time, be he free or slave. This had come incrementally. Free men of color were accepted if they had prior military experience January 1. January 1. 77. 7 recruitment was extended to all free blacks. Among Southern states, only Maryland permitted black troops to serve, so the story of black troops in the Continental Army was that of northern blacks almost exclusively. In almost all cases, they fought in integrated units, the notable exception being the 1. First Rhode Island Regiment, comprised of 1. It earned laurels in its first engagement, defeating three assaults by veteran Hessian units at Newport Battle of Rhode Island on August 2. In contrast, almost from the beginning, the British and the Loyalists offered emancipation to any slave willing to join them in fighting the Patriots. Within a month of issuing his proclamation offering emancipation, Virginia governor Lord Dunmore had a 3. African Americans, which he called an Ethiopian brigade. Slaves escaped their masters in all colonies to join the British or flee for freedom amid the chaos of the war. In South Carolina, about a quarter of its slave population, about 2. At the end of the war, colonists demanded the return of their property, including slaves, although the British helped many about 4,0. One, Thomas Peters, had run away from slavery in North Carolina to join the British after hearing Dunmores proclamation. He fought throughout the war and at the end, was taken to Nova Scotia with other Loyalists and African Americans who fought for the British. The British gave the blacks land that could not be farmed and denied them the same freedoms as their white counterparts. Peters traveled to England to protest their treatment before Parliament, arriving at a time when English abolitionists were pushing through the bill the would create the Sierra Leone Company. Peters and about 1,1. Loyalist African Americans left for Sierra Leone in 1. Peters died shortly after their arrival, the group successfully established Freetown, Sierra Leone, a British colony on the West African coast. Black History in the Old West. Black history in America includes the stories of those who helped to settle and civilize the western United States. Blacks were a part of the western expansion and the western frontier from the beginning of European colonization in the mid 1. Freemen and escaped slaves pushed westward as the United States expanded beyond the Mississippi to the Pacific. Their roles in westward expansion included colonizing, farming, building railroads, prospecting, establishing their own businessesin short, they could be found in virtually all walks of life.